Histokimia Senyawa Fenol, Flavonoid, dan Terpenoid Kulit Buah dan Daun Jeruk Siam Banjar (Citrus nobilis (Lour.) var. Microcarpa Hassk.)

Iqbal Amanullah Putra Gazali, Evi Mintowati Kuntorini

Sari


Banjarnese siam orange (Citrus nobilis (Lour.) var. Microcarpa Hassk.) is one of the leading orange varieties from South Borneo known for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity because the presence of phenol, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds. However, research on the distribution of bioactive compounds from the body of C. nobilis has yet to be available. This research proposed studying the distribution of phenol, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds in the histochemistry of C. nobilis leaves and peels under different maturation. The distribution was examined based on the alteration of color after adding a specific reagent: phenol was detected by FeCl3 10%, flavonoid with AlCl3 10%, and terpenoid with Cu2(CH3COO)4 5%. Phenol, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds were found distributed on both young and old leaves’ palisade mesophyll, around the secretory cavity, spongy mesophyll, vascular bundles, adaxial epidermis, sclerenchyma, and midrib parenchyma. As for the peels, these compounds were found all over the layers with slight differences: flavonoids and terpenoids were mainly found in the albedo layer, while phenol was mainly in the whole layers. Phenol and flavonoid compounds were found concentrated in secretory cavities scattered through the albedo and flavedo. In addition, more mature age, both in leaves and peels, showed darker color alteration indicating the accumulation of phenol, flavonoid, and terpenoid compounds.



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